One of the problems of the three-phase four-wire distribution network is the network load imbalance and the high current of the neutral conductor, which causes a drop in the neutral conductor voltage and many problems for the subscribers of these systems. The effect of the imbalance load on the neutral conductor voltage in all busbars in a sample network was investigated in the present paper. It was shown that in an imbalance and asymmetric system, the imbalance load in a busbar can be in the direction of (i) decreasing the voltage of the neutral network and earth equivalent conductor and (ii) increasing the neutral network voltage. Four-wire distribution systems, earthing, fault current, voltage drop, and overvoltage was investigated in the present study. Three-phase four-wire distribution network with multiple protective earthing is widely used in the current distribution network due to more sensitivity protection and fault clearing compared to three-phase three-wire systems. Four-wire systems operate in an imbalance condition due to asymmetric loading. Imbalance is dangerous for the safe operation and safety of a system. In the present study, the possibility of employing an electrical earthing system in the voltage balance of a distribution system and its losses were investigated. The simulation process was performed on a sample distribution system in a MATLAB environment, and the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm was used for locating.
