The identified challenges prompt questions about how Blockchain (BC)-based services provided by Third-Party Logistics (3PL) companies can contribute to the establishment of a sustainable supply chain. The purpose of this study is to explore the role of Blockchain in the sustainability of the supply chain with a focus on third-party logistics (3PLs). Employing a qualitative methodology, the author performs thematic analysis on a dataset obtained from the interviews with 3PLs managers. The study identifies six key aspects of blockchain implementation in a blockchain-driven sustainable supply chain (BT-driven SSC) in the form of one refined framework and sheds new light on the role of blockchain in sustainability in the supply chain. The study results contribute to theory by linking all aspects and adding one new theme, the external environment, with existing aspects in the supply chain namely to use the unique features of blockchain to achieve its benefits it is necessary to overcome blockchain implementation challenges via management skills, connection to other technologies and external environment cooperation. The author also demonstrates that blockchain-based services of 3PLs enhance sustainability. Reliance on data from just accessible managers and firms is a major limitation in this study. The six aspects identified in BT implementation and their relationship or dependence on each other in this study as a proposed framework are recommended for managers of various supply chain echelons to promote sustainability in BT-based SSC. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to link all elements of blockchain implementation in the BT-based SSCM to enhance sustainability. Moreover, the author obtains empirical evidence from managers in international 3PLs corporations.
