Introduction: There are limited data on the effect of exercise on paraoxonase-1 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of resistance exercise on plasma concentrations of paraoxonase-1 levels and some metabolic indices in diabetic status. Methodology: Twenty-five adult women with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to resistance exercise (n=12) and control (n = 12) groups. The resistance exercise program included 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Concentrations of paraoxonase-1, glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance index were measured before and after intervention. T-test was used for intra-group assessment of variables and t-independent t-test was used for the comparison of the variables. Results: Intra-group analysis results showed that the changes of paraoxonase-1 and glucose levels in both groups were not significant. After 12 weeks of resistance exercise, insulin levels and insulin resistance index decreased significantly in the experimental group, and after 12 weeks of resistance exercise, significant difference was seen in insulin levels and insulin resistance index in the experimental group compared to those in control group. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, after 12 weeks of circular resistance exercise, non-significant increase was seen in serum paraoxonase-1 concentration level and significant decrease was seen in insulin levels and insulin resistance index. Given significant decrease in insulin resistance index in the experimental group and its non-significant change in control group, it can be stated that insulin resistance in the experimental group improved.
