The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of human resource management and organizational culture on organizational effectiveness through the mediation of knowledge management. The statistical population included all managers, deputies, employees, heads and employees of the Youth and Sports Department of East Azerbaijan province (N=224 people), from which 213 participated in the research. To collect data, human resources management questionnaire of Raj and Sirvastava (2013), the organizational culture questionnaire of Cameron & Quinn (1999), the knowledge management questionnaire of Lawson (2003) and organizational effectiveness questionnaires of Hsu (2002) and Chelladurai and Haggerty (2002) were used. The collected data were analyzed using SMART PLS structural equation modeling software. The results showed that human resource management had an effect on organizational knowledge management [(β = 0.506), (t =5.176)], but the effect of human resource management on organizational effectiveness [(β = 0.151), (t = 1.86)] was not significant. The effect of human resource management on organizational effectiveness through the mediating role of knowledge management was equal to [(β = 0.506 * 0.411), (t = 348/5 * 5.176)]. Also, the effect of organizational culture on organizational effectiveness [(β = 0.402), (t= 4.150)] and the effect of organizational culture on knowledge management [(β = 0.548), (t = 2.375)] was significant. Furthermore, the results were indicative of the effect of knowledge management on effectiveness [(β = 0.411) (t=5.348)]. Finally, organizational culture had an effect on organizational effectiveness through the mediation of knowledge management [(β = 0.411 * 0.548), (t = 2.537 *5.348). In general, organizational culture directly affected knowledge management and organizational effectiveness; and human resource management and organizational culture had a significant effect on organizational effectiveness through the mediating role of knowledge management.
