Although the relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Russian Federation have expanded significantly in recent years and they call each other “Strategic Partners”, these expansions and developments were mainly based on political aspects, and their scientific and cultural-based cooperation remains lower than the desired level. In this article, in addition to emphasizing on the importance of the diplomacy of science and technology as a part of the public diplomacy and a tool to increase the country’s soft power, we also investigate the science diplomacy ranking in cultural relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Russian Federation to answer the following question: “What are the opportunities, challenges, and obstacles in taking advantage of the diplomacy of science and technology in the relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Russian Federation?” Author offers solutions on how to strengthen such diplomacies in order to develop the university-level relations and expanding scientific-research cooperation between the two countries. In conclusion, the author emphasizes that Iran and Russia's universities and research centers have the capacity to expand their scientific-research cooperation between the two countries. The purposeful use of these capacities within the framework of efficient diplomacy will bring development and strengthening of scientific-cultural relations and mutual recognition of the two nations and, consequently, the consolidation of relations between the two countries.
