This article discusses the main aspects of professional-personal self-development in the context of the competence approach. In today's rapidly developing time, the requirements for the training of pedagogical specialists in higher educational institutions are increasing, where intensive and purposeful conditions are created for the formation of a student's readiness for professional and personal self-development. This program identifies the need to form the ability and readiness in the personality of the future teachers, not only to apply their knowledge, skills, and expertise in constantly changing conditions but also to be capable to understand the truth of their professional activities, accept professional values, and be prepared for permanent professional self-development. The results obtained during this study revealed the main components of the competence of self-development, which is a very important lever in the promotion of professional and personal self-development of the future teachers.