Introduction and purpose: Medication error is the most important problem in health care. One of the ways that can be effective in minimizing medication errors is benefitting from evidence-based medicine. Moreover, Residents in the forefront of contact with patients have a decisive role in clinical decision-making. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of evidence-based medicine on knowledge and attitudes of Residents towards medication error. Materials and methods: The study is cross-sectional survey. The population is 150 Residents of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, selected using simple random sampling. The data collection tools are evidence-based medicine and medication error questionnaires, designed based on Likert scale measuring standard. The questionnaires are distributed in person and electronically through telegram and e-mail. The obtained data was analyzed using descriptive statistics - mean, standard deviation - and statistical inference - Pearson correlation coefficient, linear regression and independent t-test. Results: The results showed a significant relationship between the evidence-based medicine with a mean of 2.78 and the clinical knowledge and attitudes towards medication error with means of 0.03 and 3.14, respectively. Pearson correlation in the study was p-value = 0.05. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between evidence-based medicine and knowledge and attitudes towards medication error (P<0.001). Moreover, there was a positive and significant relationship between evidence-based medicine and the attitudes of assistants towards the error (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results showed that given the relationship between the ability of assistants in evidence-based medicine and their knowledge and attitudes toward medication errors, improving and enhancing the ability of the assistants in evidence-based medicine is critical, which improves the performance of assistants in clinical decision-making, and finally promotes society health in the future.
