Various geomorphological processes are significant natural factors affecting urban development. Ideally, settlements should be safeguarded against floods, landslides, earthquakes, avalanches and other destructive natural processes. However, in some areas, these processes create challenges for certain urban functions, consistently or suddenly prompting specific engineering interventions that increase construction costs, make facility maintenance expensive, and reduce building lifespans. Severe and recurrent phenomena, such as landslides occurring at irregular intervals, force residents to evacuate all or part of their settlements. Moreover, long-term, irregularly occurring events, like earthquakes, floods, and volcanic eruptions, escalate construction costs, as urban inhabitants have settled in potentially hazardous areas. Therefore, the zoning of geomorphological hazards in urban areas, which is one of the most critical tasks of geomorphology experts, becomes indispensable. Consequently, studying geomorphological processes and preparing precise spatial distribution maps of these processes hold great significance in urban planning and construction.
